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Leftover Talk

199 Old Stories on the Seven Strings, Human Affairs Beyond the Strings: Discussing the Guqin with Cao Xiaojiao and Donglai

In this episode, Teacher Sha invites Donglai and her guqin performance teacher, Ms. Cao Xiaojiao, to discuss the guqin’s present and past. The program begins with the form of the instrument and the materials of the strings, moves on to what jianzi notation is and how it records fingering techniques, and explores how the rhythms not marked in the notation are understood through breathing and duet playing between teacher and student. Following the stories of lineage and mentorship, we will also discuss the changing circumstances of modern guqin players, the gathering and dispersal of various guqin societies, and the methods of transmitting guqin knowledge both inside and outside academic institutions. How did the guqin once provide solace for the minds of literati? When it becomes a profession, a career, or a vocation, how should the parts connected to daily life be sustained? The two guests also share their different experiences of listening to and playing the guqin, as well as those moments of focus where they occasionally forget themselves and lose track of time.

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Leftover Talk

197 Chatting with Shen Hongfei on "Gastronomic Writing"

Shen Hongfei recalls: Back then, his "Gastronomic Writing" column attracted such questions from readers. Serious reporting came first, and casual talk about food and drink came after; this "unserious" job later became his signature. In "Gastronomic Writing" (Xieshi Zhuyi), "writing" comes first, and "food" comes second. In this episode of Leftover Talk, we invited the renowned Shen Hongfei for a chat. Master Shen understands food but is reluctant to act as a judge for others' palates. "Authenticity" is often just someone's first bite in childhood; Michelin can help find restaurants, but whether you enjoy the meal is up to you. After writing about food and drink for so many years, what he still cares about is his own experience, and how to write about these experiences in an interesting way.

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Leftover Talk

196 After the Fad of Raising Lobsters Passes, How Should AI Agents Actually Be Used?

AI topics change so fast that looking back a few months feels like a lifetime ago. At the beginning of the year, everyone was scouring the world for Mac minis to raise "lobsters" (OpenClaw); now the hype has faded, and it has long become an obsolete toy that no one cares about. But in the places where the excitement has died down, AI agents have changed the way white-collar work is done. Humanities and history researchers use them to smoothly run handwritten archive recognition, conveniently turning the diaries of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo and two thousand episodes of Cold War podcasts into private databases; quantitative funds let agents autonomously evolve and iterate across five hundred strategies; even designers who cannot write code can have AI independently create hit products and complete takedown requests across the entire web.

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Leftover Talk

193 Is History a (Social) Science?

Before labeling "history" as "science" or "non-science," it may first be necessary to define "science." In everyday concepts, science often takes Newtonian mechanics as its prototype: definite laws, controllable experiments, repeatable results, and accurate predictions of outcomes. However, as is well known, historical events cannot be re-enacted, and society is difficult to control for variables like a laboratory...... In this episode, Xiao P, Zheng Shiliang, and Sha Qingqing discuss the history of the discipline, historiographical methods, and then move on to source criticism, historical materialism, political stance, and narrative issues. Can history borrow methods from the social sciences to pursue reliable evidence and causal explanations? And if a theory of historical explanation has an explanatory power as strong as Newtonian mechanics, will it transform from an analytical tool into a deterministic "master key"? Can history be compressed into a universal law? Or does it still require the researcher's choices and narrative to be presented?

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Leftover Talk

186 Our World Cup Part 3: The Round of 16, the Failure of the Asian and African Revolution, and the Status Quo of the Great Powers

The Round of 16 has settled, and the World Cup has finally revealed its cruel side: the “revolution” of the Third World has suffered a major setback, while traditional great powers have reversed their decline. Of course, there have been many exciting highlights: the “soul-stirring” match between Argentina and Cape Verde, the regret of the Japanese team being “tactically crushed” by Ancelotti, the German team’s “crossing the line” by losing even a penalty shootout, the “political thriller” off the field for the South Korean team, the Dutch team’s recurring “penalty curse,” and the upcoming “Iberian Peninsula Civil War”...... In this episode, hosts Zheng Shiliang and Sha Qingqing review the Round of 16 teams one by one, offering praise, sighs, analysis, or banter. However, as we look ahead to the quarterfinals, the same thought spontaneously arises in our minds: who will step up to fight a “Battle to Save the Earth” and stop the French team, which is like a villainous great demon?

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Leftover Talk

185 The 'Net' in 'Net Addiction' is the 'Net' in Tennis: A Complete Beginner's Guide to Tennis for Adults (No Ads Version)

After Zheng Qinwen won the Olympic championship in 2024, a new wave of tennis fever swept across China. On social media, tennis has truly become a 'lifestyle' for an increasing number of people. However, it is undeniable that, compared to other sports, truly enjoying the fun of playing tennis requires a longer period of getting started. The popularity of tennis, juxtaposed with its relatively high barrier to entry, is ironically what makes this sport the most interesting. Why do people become more and more hooked on playing it, even though it is obviously difficult to learn, expensive, and hard to book courts for? In this episode, we invite Li Dazang, who has 'half a childhood foundation' in the sport, to discuss why tennis is so popular and how to get started. At the end of the show, Teacher Li Dazang will also share his carefully curated recommendations for beginner tennis equipment (No Ads Version).

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Leftover Talk

183 The World Cup "Outside the Gate": Observations and Insights from a Correspondent in the US

A group stage match between Iran and New Zealand held in Los Angeles gave people the illusion of being in an Iranian home game. Two types of Iranian flags waved in the stands, and when the Iranian national anthem played, boos and cheers mixed together. But when the players were introduced, it turned into uniform cheering. What Liu Xiaoqian, sitting in the media area, saw was not just a match, but how identities, immigration, war memories, and political stances all surged into the stadium after the World Cup was brought to the United States. This episode is honored to invite veteran journalist Liu Xiaoqian, who has over a decade of experience in overseas reporting, to talk about his World Cup observations and his new book "Outside the Gate: Borders, Rust Belts, and Hollywood." In this new book, Liu Xiaoqian starts from the US-Mexico border, Los Angeles, and Buffalo, using football as a unique method to observe American society. Besides the heated World Cup, we will also discuss why, despite America's love for sports, football has always been like a "foreign language"? Why does hydration time become advertising time? Why have women's and men's football taken completely different paths in the United States? And so on. In addition, we will also discuss the little experiences and insights of non-fiction writing.

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Leftover Talk

181 Rolling Wheels: The Bitter and Sweet Realities of Truck Drivers

Anyone who has played Euro Truck Simulator probably understands that peculiar sense of relaxation: the night road, the radio, the dashboard, and the city lights slowly illuminating in the distance, as if driving and delivering goods in the game is itself a low-cost cyber-travel. But truck drivers in reality are not so relaxed. For them, a sudden brake may mean more fuel consumption, and a temporary stop for the restroom may disrupt the pre-planned rest rhythm. To ensure a truckload of cold-chain chicken arrives on schedule, a driver might choose to drive through the night, going three days without a full night's sleep.

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Leftover Talk

179 Who Writes Diaries Seriously? "Chiang Kai-shek's" Strange Life of Self-Reflection

As early as 2013, teacher Sha visited the Hoover Institution at Stanford University to consult and transcribe Chiang Kai-shek's diaries. What exactly do Chiang Kai-shek's diaries look like? Why do they resemble both work memos and collections of inspirational quotes, as well as a moral ledger where a "reflection freak" grades himself every day? And why has the transfer of ownership of this diary been so dramatic? Obviously, whether or not Chiang Kai-shek's diaries were written by a "serious person," they may not necessarily unravel the various mysteries of modern history, but they do make the person of Chiang Kai-shek concrete. Through this episode, we hope to give listeners a glimpse of how a powerful figure writes about himself, and how he is subsequently deconstructed and reassembled by history, family, courts, archives, and "internet memes."

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Leftover Talk

178 Jiawu: Perhaps Lost Before the First Shot

In this episode, we drag Sha Qingqing back to the home turf of "Leftover Talk" to discuss his new book, "Jiawu: A War in the Balance." When it comes to the Jiawu War, many people's first reaction is the Battle of the Yalu River, the Beiyang Fleet, Deng Shichang, Ding Ruchang, or that final, hard-to-swallow Treaty of Shimonoseki. In his new book, Sha Qingqing focuses more on deeper issues: What were the decision-making circles of the Qing court and Japan actually thinking? How did they misjudge each other? And how did the crisis on the Korean Peninsula transform into a chain reaction that altered the national fortunes of Northeast Asia? From the Donghak Peasant Revolution to Japan's security imagination of "sovereignty lines" and "lines of interest," from Li Hongzhang's diplomatic calculations to the Qing court's virtually non-existent intelligence system regarding Japan, from Japanese intelligence networks like those of Arao Sei, to the Itō Hirobumi cabinet turning the Korean crisis into a political lifeline, and finally to the negotiations at Shimonoseki and the Triple Intervention to return Liaodong, this episode attempts to answer a somewhat cruel question: How exactly was the Jiawu War lost, step by step?

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Leftover Talk

173 What Exactly Is the Formal Wear for Chinese Men?

Li Dazang, a "classmate guest" from Leftover Talk, returns to discuss Chinese men's formal wear culture. In early 2026, the benchmark men's luxury brand Zegna revealed in a conference call that it had closed 10 stores in the Chinese market over the past year, including its flagship store at Beijing Huamao Center. Beyond lamenting the changing times for foreign clothing brands in China, we also took the opportunity to explore the Chinese men's formal wear market and the cultural soil behind it. What do Chinese men actually wear on formal occasions? Surprisingly, there is no standard answer. Over the past 100-plus years, changshan (long gowns), Western suits, and Zhongshan suits have all played similar roles; after the Reform and Opening-up, Western suits briefly became the norm, but today, whether in the workplace or at public formal occasions, new styles of dress have replaced the status of the Western suit. What social and economic factors are at play behind this? Li Dazang brings his observations.

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Leftover Talk

171 How to Relieve My Worries? Only Foreign Du Kang: A History of Whiskey's Entry into China

When the biting cold winds of the Scottish Highlands blew to the Bund in old Shanghai, what undercurrents of globalization and tensions of modern history did a cup of amber whiskey carry? In this episode of Leftover Talk, we temporarily set aside grand political narratives and chat from the "corners" of daily life—discussing how whiskey crossed the ocean to come to China and the global historical implications behind it. In late Qing documents, imported goods like whiskey were crudely lumped together as "Ghost Wine"; in the writings of late Qing diplomat Zhang Deyi, they were eye-opening industrial wonders; by the early 20th century in Shanghai, they became cultural symbols for urban upstarts and modern women to flaunt their status, even written into Eileen Chang's novels and the romantic sentiments of young girls at the time.

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Leftover Talk

169 "Silence": The Vatican Between the Rise and Fall of Fascism

The Vatican, the world's smallest sovereign state, is also the spiritual fortress for the hearts and minds of hundreds of millions. In this episode, Sha [Qingqing] invites Dr. Lou Tianxiong, a specialist in modern religion and international relations, to discuss the diplomatic maneuvering between the Vatican, Fascist Italy, and Nazi Germany before and after World War II. Faced with catastrophe and wartime atrocities, why did Pope Pius XII, the pontiff at the time, choose "silence"? Was it collusion with power? Or was it strategic self-preservation? Did the resistance movement within Germany ever use the Vatican's covert channels to transmit intelligence? And how did the Vatican leverage its religious influence to navigate among the various camps?

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Leftover Talk

167 Chatting about OpenClaw: Shrimp Companionship, Love Follows

Around the Spring Festival, OpenClaw—known colloquially as "Lobster"—exploded in popularity in the global tech community. In just two months, its GitHub star count surged to number one in history, and the project was subsequently acquired by OpenAI. This time, we invited Zhixian, an early promoter of the OpenClaw Chinese community, to chat about what Lobster actually is, why it makes users unable to go back once they try it, and to share his insights on "raising shrimp" and his Aha Moments. We also delved into Lobster's memory system and proactive mechanisms, as well as a Ghost in the Shell-style question: When an Agent can change bodies, what constitutes the irreplaceable soul?

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Leftover Talk

166 The Great Divergence Between East and West: Who Runs Faster, and Who Runs Farther?

Why modern China fell behind Europe is a perennial question in historical research, with historians offering various theories and explanations over the years. In the 1990s, American historian Kenneth Pomeranz proposed a new theory in his book The Great Divergence. He pointed out that until the early 19th century, the development levels of Britain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region were still quite comparable, and their subsequent divergence onto different development paths was limited by several historical contingencies, rather than being the inevitable result of some structural causality. This disruptive theory not only sparked enthusiasm for historical research but also became a new chapter in the struggle of "historical victory studies."

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Leftover Talk

165 New Year Chat: Topics We Wanted to Discuss in 2025 but Didn't

The 2025 year-end review of Leftover Talk arrives a bit later than other shows. The hosts discuss topics they wanted to cover over the past year but couldn't due to various reasons, while also setting up some future plans for 2026. Additionally, in response to many listeners' requests for a review of films, TV shows, and books, we will present this in a new format: each host will record a separate recommendation segment for 2026, with one episode released daily during the Spring Festival. As the Year of the Fire Horse (Bingwu) approaches, we will be delighted if these episodes add some joy to your Spring Festival! iOS users can search for "Leftover Talk" on the App Store, and Android users can download it from the official Leftover Talk website (leftovertalk.com).

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Leftover Talk

164 The 'History of Migrant Work' on the Spring Festival Gala

According to the National Bureau of Statistics' '2024 Monitoring and Survey Report on Migrant Workers,' the migrant worker population is nearly 300 million, accounting for 40% of the employed population. As the 'Spring Festival Travel Rush' approaches, eleven departments, including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, are jointly launching the 2026 'Spring Warmth for Migrant Workers' service campaign. Since the mid-1980s, elements of migrant workers coming to cities for work have almost never been absent from the 'Spring Festival Gala.' In this episode, we will review the images of migrant workers that have appeared on the Spring Festival Gala stage in the past to trace the history of migrant work. Last October, Teacher Sha invited his good friend Lu Fa to discuss the interactive relationship and subtle tensions between the 'history of migrant work' on the Spring Festival Gala and the history of reform and opening up. Lu Fa himself has been living in Shanghai for many years, his household registration (hukou) is still in the countryside, and he also falls under the statistical category of 'migrant worker.' In this episode, Teacher Sha and Lu Fa will review classic characters in Spring Festival Gala skits, crosstalk, and songs, while discussing the evolution of the term 'migrant worker,' urban-rural migration, and identity, as well as contemporary events that have influenced countless people.

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Leftover Talk

163 Writer, Swindler, Actor, Spy: The Multiple Le Carrés

John le Carré is hailed as the greatest spy novelist of the Cold War era, but his appeal extends far beyond the boundaries of genre literature. As a former intelligence officer, his novels feature not only brilliant portrayals of spies but also profound inquiries into human nature, eventually blurring the lines between friend and foe. In his letters, interviews, and biographies, the image of le Carré that emerges is even more complex and multifaceted: he seems like an "actor" and a "swindler" who constantly constructs and hides his self in life and creation, yet occasionally reveals it, making it difficult for people to discern his true identity.

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Leftover Talk

[Retrospective] Where Is the Spirit of Go?

This episode is a rerun of a program from September 15, 2023. Chinese Go player Nie Weiping passed away on January 14, 2026. We dedicate this past episode to commemorating this Chinese "Go Sage." The stones are arranged in two opposing forces, black and white leading in parallel. Go was once a symbol of Eastern wisdom, and also the path of inquiry where the spirits of countless players remained undying. But by 2023, perhaps the most viral Go news was that professional 2-dan player Zhan Ying was awarded the title of Hupu Goddess of the Year. (Of course, there is nothing wrong with that!) Since the emergence of AlphaGo, Go has undergone a revolutionary transformation in both its tactics and public image. "Hearing of Chang'an is like watching a game of Go; a hundred years of worldly affairs bring unbearable sorrow." Fujisawa Hideyuki's famous saying, "I know only seven-tenths of the Way of Go," has been unfortunately proven true in the new era. Go is still Go, but can hand-to-hand play still be played as before? In this era of AI training, live streaming, abstract culture, walking dogs, and players discussing strategy on digital boards instead of observing silently, we cannot help but ask: Where is the spirit of Go?

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Leftover Talk

161 Revisiting "Lurk": Machiavellianism and Hagiography Beneath the Espionage Thriller

Since its broadcast in 2008, "Lurk" has long transcended the category of ordinary espionage dramas, becoming widely recognized as one of the "ceilings" in the history of Chinese television. It has not only won over audiences with its exquisite narrative pacing, solid historical details, and vivid ensemble of characters, but has also, with a depth rarely found in typical TV dramas, launched a profound exploration of history, human nature, and faith. For over a decade, audience interpretations of "Lurk" have never ceased: some study office politics, others savor revolutionary idealism, and still others see the various possibilities and helplessness of personal choices in a grand era. In this podcast episode, hosts Sha Qingqing, Xiao Wenjie, and Zheng Shiliang engage in a free and in-depth exchange about "Lurk" from multiple dimensions, attempting to answer: Why is "Lurk" still worth watching and retelling repeatedly to this day?

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Leftover Talk

160 Opening a Store: A Ramble on the Science and Mysticism of Offline Business

In this episode, "Li Dazang," an old friend of Leftover Talk, returns to discuss the topic of site selection in offline business. The conversation begins with the hottest offline commercial landscape in Shanghai in 2025—Louis Vuitton. This LV store has single-handedly changed the "lukewarm" status quo of Xingye Taikoo Hui, making it one of the most popular shopping malls in Shanghai. What kind of game of strategy exists between brands and shopping malls in the process of tenant recruitment and store expansion? Why do some malls, despite having excellent locations, simply fail to catch on? Is there really so much mysticism in offline business? What are the pitfalls in the food and beverage industry that one must absolutely avoid? In this episode, Teacher Li Dazang shares his first-hand experience.

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Leftover Talk

159 Hero or Villain? Cao Cao in Historical Context and Contemporary Discourse

For centuries, the image of Cao Cao has been almost fixed as that of a "treacherous hero": deeply scheming, ruthless in his methods, brilliantly talented yet coldly heartless, and ultimately unable to escape a historical ending of failure. This image has been reinforced through repeated retellings, becoming a deeply ingrained consensus. However, since the New Culture Movement, a completely different narrative regarding Cao Cao has emerged: he is no longer merely a treacherous hero, but a pragmatic figure who rebuilt order in the north during the chaotic end of the Han dynasty; at the same time, he was a romantic poet, a rebel who dared to challenge authority, and a representative figure who shaped the spirit of the Jian'an era. In any civilizational history, few individuals have left such profound marks simultaneously in the realms of politics, military, and culture; and even fewer have remained subjects of continuous debate for thousands of years after their deaths. In this podcast episode, hosts Sha Qingqing, Jiang Yuan, and Zheng Shiliang will delve into this complex historical figure, focusing on the key turning points that determined Cao Cao's fate.

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Leftover Talk

History of the Cryptocurrency World, Part 1: The Story of Bitcoin's Birth

Why was Bitcoin born? Who exactly is Satoshi Nakamoto? What are the interesting stories and gossip in the cryptocurrency world? Starting from this episode, Leftover Talk will launch a new series, History of the Cryptocurrency World. The coder will deeply analyze cryptocurrency through three episodes. Please support us. In the first episode, the two hosts discussed the past and present of Bitcoin, the mystery of the identity of Bitcoin's father, Satoshi Nakamoto, key figures and events in the early days of cryptocurrency, and the privacy and regulatory challenges faced by Bitcoin, which has been entangled with the dark web and politics. Let's step into the story of Bitcoin's birth. This program aims to introduce the historical events of that era of wild growth in cryptocurrency. Please comply with relevant national regulations, and this is not to be taken as any investment advice.

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Leftover Talk

History of the Cryptocurrency World Part 2: The Birth of Ethereum's 'Demon Child'

In 2015, the 'Demon Child' was born, and Ethereum was created. Ethereum was the masterpiece of the 21-year-old 'little genius' Vitalik. Ethereum immediately changed the entire cryptocurrency industry. Terms like 'world computer', 'ICO', 'get-rich-quick myths', and 'speculative bankruptcy' constantly appeared on social networks. In this episode, we enter the world of Ethereum. The host, a coder, shares his insights on discovering and seizing the big opportunity of Ethereum early on, using his own experience of participating in Ethereum mining in 2016. In addition, the host delves into why ICOs collapsed, the relationship between graphics cards and mining, the FTX bankruptcy incident, and how Vitalik's values influenced the development of the Ethereum community.

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